iMac上安装Python2.7 和 Python3

在日常开发中有时候需要在本地用python做一些测试，iMac自带的python为2.7 而且版本比较老，发现升级比较麻烦，最后就用brew重新安装了，这里汇总整理一下

查看 iMac自带Python版本

➜  web  python --version
Python 2.7.10
➜  web

使用 Homebrew 安装 Python

开始安装python2：

  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ brew install python@2
  Updating Homebrew...
  ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/python@2-2.7.17.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
  Already downloaded: ~/Homebrew/downloads/3ab8f8c12c3b4584160a2f720d7934121010c8631c632b1bf50c75b64343963c--python@2-2.7.17.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
  ==> Pouring python@2-2.7.17.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
  ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.17/bin/python -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install --force --verbose --single-version-externally-managed --record
  ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.17/bin/python -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install --force --verbose --single-version-externally-managed --record
  ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.17/bin/python -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install --force --verbose --single-version-externally-managed --record
  ==> Caveats
  Pip and setuptools have been installed. To update them
    pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
	
  You can install Python packages with
    pip install <package>
	
  They will install into the site-package directory
    /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
	
  See: https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-and-Python
  ==> Summary
  🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.17: 3,807 files, 51.3MB
  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
  DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
  Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (19.3.1)
  Collecting setuptools
    Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d9/de/554b6310ac87c5b921bc45634b07b11394fe63bc4cb5176f5240addf18ab/setuptools-41.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (582kB)
       |████████████████████████████████| 583kB 255kB/s
  Installing collected packages: setuptools
    Found existing installation: setuptools 41.4.0
      Uninstalling setuptools-41.4.0:
        Successfully uninstalled setuptools-41.4.0
  Successfully installed setuptools-41.6.0
  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ brew list
  gdbm		gifsicle	libidn2		libyaml		openssl		pkg-config	readline	sqlite		wget
  gettext		icu4c		libunistring	node		openssl@1.1	python@2	ruby		tree		xz

如上所示，表示python2安装成功

开始安装python3：

  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ brew install python3
  Updating Homebrew...
  ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/python-3.7.5.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
  Already downloaded: ~/Homebrew/downloads/7794177f83ae954016ce1dcdffbbea049e471017b473f3ed7cba6c3eee1bdc33--python-3.7.5.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
  ==> Pouring python-3.7.5.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
  ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.5/bin/python3 -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install --force --verbose --install-scripts=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7
  ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.5/bin/python3 -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install --force --verbose --install-scripts=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7
  ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.5/bin/python3 -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install --force --verbose --install-scripts=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7
  ==> Caveats
  Python has been installed as
    /usr/local/bin/python3
	
  Unversioned symlinks `python`, `python-config`, `pip` etc. pointing to
  `python3`, `python3-config`, `pip3` etc., respectively, have been installed into
    /usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin
	
  If you need Homebrew's Python 2.7 run
    brew install python@2
	
  You can install Python packages with
    pip3 install <package>
  They will install into the site-package directory
    /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages
	
  See: https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-and-Python
  ==> Summary
  🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.5: 3,972 files, 60.7MB
  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ brew list
  gdbm		icu4c		libyaml		openssl@1.1	python@2	sqlite		xz
  gettext		libidn2		node		pkg-config	readline	tree
  gifsicle	libunistring	openssl		python		ruby		wget

如上所示，表示python3安装成功

查看版本及使用指定版本的方式

iMac系统自带的Python在/usr/bin目录下，而通过homebrew安装的在/usr/local/bin目录下，下面是分别使用各种方式调用不同位置不同版本python的方法

使用默认的python，可以看出对应的是homebrew安装python2.7

  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ python -V
  Python 2.7.17
  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ which python
  /usr/local/bin/python
  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ python2.7 -V
  Python 2.7.17
  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ which python2.7
  /usr/local/bin/python2.7

使用默认的python3，可以看出对应的是homebrew安装python3.7

  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ python3 -V
  Python 3.7.5
  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ which python3
  /usr/local/bin/python3
  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ which python3.7
  /usr/local/bin/python3.7

如果此时要使用系统默认的python，可以用下面的方式

  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ /usr/bin/python -V
  Python 2.7.10
  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ /usr/bin/python2.7 -V
  Python 2.7.10
  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗

其他

安装指定扩展的指定库

以为使用homebrew安装的 python2 安装扩展pyelliptic的 1.5.7 版本

  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ which pip2
  /usr/local/bin/pip2
  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ pip2  install pyelliptic==1.5.7
  DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
  Requirement already satisfied: pyelliptic==1.5.7 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (1.5.7)
  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗ /usr/local/bin/pip2 install pyelliptic==1.5.7
  DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
  Requirement already satisfied: pyelliptic==1.5.7 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (1.5.7)
  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗

安装扩展提示openssl 版本异常

错误示例

  ➜  blog git:(master) ✗  pip3.7 install Appium-Python-Client
  pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
  Collecting Appium-Python-Client
    Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/appium-python-client/
    Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/appium-python-client/
    Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/appium-python-client/
    Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/appium-python-client/
    Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/appium-python-client/
    Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/appium-python-client/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/appium-python-client/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
    Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement Appium-Python-Client (from versions: )
  No matching distribution found for Appium-Python-Client
  pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping

解决方案

删除Python的OpenSSL依赖并重装

  brew update && brew upgrade
  brew uninstall --ignore-dependencies openssl; 
  brew install https://github.com/tebelorg/Tump/releases/download/v1.0.0/openssl.rb
  brew reinstall python

那时年少

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iMac上安装Python2.7 和 Python3

「 开发工具 」 —— 2019年11月15日

[本文结构]

查看 iMac自带Python版本

使用 Homebrew 安装 Python

查看版本及使用指定版本的方式

其他

「开发工具」 —— 2019年11月15日